As Hungary is a landlocked country, the Blue Economy is not a main contributor to its economy as a whole. It represents approx. 0.5% of national GVA and 0.4% of national employment. All in all, the established Blue Economy sectors in Hungary directly employ nearly 20 thousand people and generate approx. €665 million in GVA (2021).
The relative size and share of employment in the Hungarian Blue Economy has been gradually increasing since 2010 with only two exceptions: in the year 2014 (-15%) and 2019 (-7%). Employment in the Hungarian Blue Economy was not impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic.
In terms of GVA, the Blue Economy contribution to national GVA reached its highest level in 2018 in nominal terms, with €670 million (representing about 0.6% of total GVA of the national economy).
The largest Blue Economy sector in Hungary is Shipbuilding and repair, contributing 47.5% to the country’s Blue Economy GVA and 37% to its workforce (employed mainly in the manufacturing of instruments for navigation). It is followed by Port activities, with a contribution of more than 33% to the Blue Economy GVA and 39% to its workforce (mainly in warehousing and storage, cargo handling, and construction of water projects). The third largest sector is Marine living resources, accounting for 16% of the country’s Blue Economy GVA and more than 28% of its workforce. Hungary has a long tradition of fish farming. Since it stopped commercial fishing in inland waters in 2016, the bulk of the domestic fish supply comes from freshwater aquaculture.
Text description of images at the bottom of the page
The Port of Hamburg, the Germany's largest seaport, plays a significant part as a transhipment, storage and distribution centre for Hungary’s seaborne foreign trade. The excellent connections in hinterland traffic and the well-established logistics chains make the Port of Hamburg in Hungary an attractive market partner. Over 85 % of the goods handled in Hamburg are transported by rail, the proportion of containerized cargo is almost 100 %. In addition to the Budapest terminals, other important terminals are Dunajska Streda and Kosice in Slovakia.
Other national sources of complementary information on the Hungarian Blue Economy are:
For more national level data, please visit the Dashboards section within the EU Blue Economy Observatory, where you can also find information about Educational and Employment opportunities in the Blue Economy sectors.
Figure 1: Hungary: Evolution of the Blue Economy Established Sectors (2021)
This figure consists of two pie charts that illustrate key aspects of Hungary's Blue Economy in 2021.
- Left Pie Chart: This chart represents the percentage of employment across various established sectors within the Blue Economy. Each sector is depicted as a segment of the pie, with the size of each segment corresponding to its share of total employment. For example, if the segment for "Coastal Tourism" occupies a larger portion, it indicates a higher percentage of employment in that sector compared to others.
- Right Pie Chart: This chart shows the percentage of Gross Value Added (GVA) for each established sector. Similar to the left chart, each segment reflects the contribution of that sector to the overall GVA of the Blue Economy. A larger segment signifies a greater economic impact from that sector.
Together, these charts provide a visual representation of both employment distribution and economic contribution within Hungary's Blue Economy, highlighting the sectors that play significant roles in both areas.
Figure 2: Hungary: Evolution of the Blue Economy established sectors (2009-2021)
This figure consists of two tables that illustrate the evolution of established sectors within the Blue Economy in Hungary from 2009 to 2021.
First table:
- Structure: The first table has 11 rows and 14 columns.
- Column Overview:
- First Column: Lists the established sectors of the Blue Economy, from row 2 to row 10.
- Columns 2 to 14: Display the number of persons employed (in thousands) for each year from 2009 to 2021.
- First Row: Contains the headers, namely: the title followed by the years from 2009 to 2021, one for each column.
- Last Row: Contains the percentage of national jobs attributed to each sector for each year.
- Structure: The second table mirrors the first, also containing 11 rows and 14 columns.
Second table:
- Column Overview:
- First Column: Again lists the established sectors of the Blue Economy, from row 2 to row 10.
- Columns 2 to 14: Present the Gross Value Added (GVA) for each year (in million euros, M€) from 2009 to 2021.
- First Row: Contains the headers, namely: the title followed by the years from 2009 to 2021, one for each column.
- Last Row: Displays the percentage of national GVA for each sector for each year.
Figure 3: Hungary: Evolution of the Employment by Blue Economy Activity (2009-2021) - Persons employed
This table provides a comprehensive overview of employment trends in Hungary's Blue Economy from 2009 to 2021. It consists of 44 rows and 16 columns, with the first row serving as the header that outlines the content of each column, namely: the title followed by the years from 2009 to 2021, one for each column.
- The first three columns include:
- Blue Economy Sector
- Sub-Sector
- Activity
- The next 13 columns display the number of persons employed in each activity for each year from 2009 to 2021. Each cell in these columns contains numerical data representing the employment figures for that specific activity and year.
- The last row (row 44) the last row of the table summarises the total number of persons employed for each year, providing a clear overview of employment trends across the entire Blue Economy.
Overall, this table encompasses 7 sectors, 13 sub-sectors, and 42 activities, making it a valuable resource for analysing how employment in Blue Economy has evolved over the specified period in the specific country.
Figure 4: Hungary: Evolution of the GVA by Blue Economy Activity (2009-2021) - M€"
This figure provides a comprehensive overview of the Gross Value Added (GVA) across various activities within the Blue Economy. It consists of 44 rows and 16 columns with the first row serving as the header that outlines the content of each column, namely: the title followed by the years from 2009 to 2021, one for each column.
- The first three columns include:
- Blue Economy Sector
- Sub-Sector
- Activity
- The next 13 columns display the GVA values for each activity from 2009 to 2021.
- The last row (row 44) summarises the totals for each year.
The table encompasses 7 sectors, 13 sub-sectors, and 42 activities, allowing for a detailed analysis of how the GVA has evolved over the specified years. This structured format facilitates comparisons across different sectors and activities, highlighting trends and changes within the Blue Economy in Hungary.