Replacing fish-based feed with algae-based feed in aquaculture

This document contributes to the implementation of the Action 7 of the EU Algae Initiative, which calls for specific guidance to promote replacing fish-based feed with algae-based feed. Aquaculture production of carnivorous fish such as salmon, trout, and seabass currently depends heavily on wild-caught forage fish for fishmeal and fish oil. As aquaculture continues to expand and many fish stocks remain overfished, reducing this dependency has become an urgent priority. Identifying sustainable alternatives to fish-derived feed ingredients is therefore essential for both marine ecosystem protection and long-term food security. Algal oil represents one of the most promising alternatives. Compared to fish oil, it offers higher and more stable levels of EPA and DHA, lower contamination risks, and more predictable pricing due to controlled production systems. Large-scale producers such as Veramaris and Corbion are already operating commercially, and major aquafeed companies including Cargill and BioMar have integrated algal oils into their formulations. 

Consumer acceptance is also evident: the retail chain Match reported a 12% increase in salmon sales after introducing salmon fed with algal oil enriched in EPA and DHA. Despite this progress, barriers remain. Algal oil is still more expensive than fish oil, supply volumes are not yet sufficient to meet large-scale demand, and concerns persist regarding the sustainability and scalability of current microalgae production systems. Targeted financial instruments can help reduce production costs through economies of scale and technological improvements, while regulatory measures - such as stricter contaminant limits in fish products - can further stimulate market uptake.